{ "sources": { "cq_shiji": { "title": "《史记》秦始皇本纪", "url": "https://ctext.org/shiji/qin-shi-huang-ben-ji/zhs" }, "cq_han": { "title": "中国国家博物馆·秦汉时期", "url": "https://www.chnmuseum.cn/portals/0/web/zt/gudai/detail4.html" }, "cq_xiangyu": { "title": "《史记》项羽本纪", "url": "https://ctext.org/shiji/xiang-yu-ben-ji/zhs" }, "cq_sanguo33": { "title": "《三国志》卷33后主传", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/三國志/卷33" }, "cq_jin3": { "title": "《晋书》卷3武帝纪", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/晉書/卷003" }, "cq_suitang": { "title": "中国国家博物馆·隋唐五代时期", "url": "https://www.chnmuseum.cn/portals/0/web/zt/gudai/detail6.html" }, "cq_song1": { "title": "《宋史》卷1太祖本纪一", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/宋史/卷001" }, "cq_song2": { "title": "《宋史》卷2太祖本纪二", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/宋史/卷002" }, "cq_song3": { "title": "《宋史》卷3太祖本纪三", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/宋史/卷003" }, "cq_song4": { "title": "《宋史》卷4太宗本纪一", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/宋史/卷004" }, "cq_wuyue": { "title": "浙江省社科联·纳土归宋", "url": "https://www.zjskw.gov.cn/col/col1229556977/art/2026/art_0bf5c649e8280cea2b67498755ac6d79.html" }, "cq_jin_taizong": { "title": "《金史》卷3太宗本纪", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/金史/卷3" }, "cq_xixia": { "title": "宁夏文物考古研究所·从考古发现看唐宋文化对西夏的影响", "url": "https://www.nxkg.org.cn/xueshuyanjiu/527.html" }, "cq_coalition": { "title": "北京师范大学史学理论与史学史研究中心·宋代历史研究", "url": "https://bnuhh.bnu.edu.cn/lsyj/38432.html" }, "cq_song47": { "title": "《宋史》卷47瀛国公、二王附", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/宋史/卷047" }, "cq_beiping": { "title": "国务院参事室傅熹年·明清都城北京城", "url": "https://www.counsellor.gov.cn/2009-10/23/c_1210743208.htm" }, "cq_ming1644": { "title": "故宫博物院·清廷迁都北京", "url": "https://www.dpm.org.cn/court/event/159873.html" }, "cq_hongguang": { "title": "故宫博物院·南明弘光政权及其覆灭", "url": "https://www.dpm.org.cn/court/event/159031.html" }, "cq_yongli": { "title": "中国国家博物馆·俘获永历帝宣捷诏谕", "url": "https://www.chnmuseum.cn/zp/zpml/gjwxbt/202008/t20200824_247135.shtml" }, "cq_zheng": { "title": "故宫博物院·郑克塽", "url": "https://www.dpm.org.cn/lemmas/241767.html" }, "cq_abdication": { "title": "故宫博物院·紫禁城从皇宫到博物院", "url": "https://www.dpm.org.cn/onlineforum/detail/253138.html" }, "cq_dynasty": { "title": "日本国立公文书馆·汉籍相关年表（三国史事）", "url": "https://www.archives.go.jp/exhibition/digital/rekishitomonogatari/history02.html" }, "extra_tongjian_094": { "title": "《资治通鉴》卷094·晋成帝咸和四年329年", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/資治通鑑/卷094" }, "extra_tongjian_097": { "title": "《资治通鉴》卷097·晋穆帝永和三年347年", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/資治通鑑/卷097" }, "extra_tongjian_102": { "title": "《资治通鉴》卷102·晋海西公太和五年370年", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/資治通鑑/卷102" }, "extra_tongjian_104": { "title": "《资治通鉴》卷104·晋孝武帝太元元年376年", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/資治通鑑/卷104" }, "extra_tongjian_115": { "title": "《资治通鉴》卷115·晋安帝义熙六年410年", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/資治通鑑/卷115" }, "extra_tongjian_118": { "title": "《资治通鉴》卷118·晋安帝义熙十三年417年", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/資治通鑑/卷118" }, "extra_tongjian_122": { "title": "《资治通鉴》卷122·宋文帝元嘉八年431年、九年432年", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/資治通鑑/卷122" }, "extra_tongjian_123": { "title": "《资治通鉴》卷123·宋文帝元嘉十三年436年、十六年439年", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/資治通鑑/卷123" }, "extra_tongjian_173": { "title": "《资治通鉴》卷173·陈宣帝太建九年577年", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/資治通鑑/卷173" }, "extra_chenghan": { "title": "复旦大学CHGIS·宛暖县沿革，引用《晋书》卷8永和三年条", "url": "https://tgaz.fudan.edu.cn/tgaz/placename/hvd_45533" }, "extra_gaochang": { "title": "甘肃文博局·两百余件文物展现五凉历史文化", "url": "https://www.gswbj.gov.cn/a/2022/06/09/13939_2.html" }, "extra_zhouqi": { "title": "河北省民族事务委员会·燕赵三交史话", "url": "https://mw.hebei.gov.cn/system/2023/12/26/030270010.shtml" } }, "events": [ { "id": "end_qi", "year": -221, "title": "秦灭齐，完成兼并六国", "type": "conquest", "winners": [ "秦" ], "losers": [ "齐" ], "summary": "王贲率军攻齐，齐王建被俘。这里仅把齐作为前221年终结的政权；其余五国分属此前各年，不在同年重复灭亡。", "sources": [ "cq_shiji" ] }, { "id": "end_qin", "year": -207, "title": "子婴向刘邦军投降", "type": "surrender", "winners": [ "刘邦集团" ], "losers": [ "秦" ], "summary": "刘邦军进入关中，子婴出降。赢家不用尚未建立的汉朝；秦宫与子婴随后被项羽处置，部分通史据此把秦亡记前206年。", "sources": [ "cq_shiji", "cq_han" ] }, { "id": "end_xichu", "year": -202, "title": "汉军击败项羽，西楚终结", "type": "conquest", "winners": [ "汉" ], "losers": [ "西楚" ], "summary": "垓下败局后项羽突围并自杀，西楚的核心军政集团瓦解。刘邦随后称帝；不把项羽最后行迹的文学细节当作地图坐标。", "sources": [ "cq_xiangyu", "cq_han" ] }, { "id": "end_westhan", "year": 9, "title": "王莽代汉，建立新朝", "type": "replacement", "winners": [ "新" ], "losers": [ "西汉" ], "summary": "王莽取得帝位、改国号为新，属于夺权取代。传统纪年记初始元年末，公历跨入9年，部分年表按8年列，应保留年界说明。", "sources": [ "cq_han" ] }, { "id": "end_xin", "year": 23, "title": "起义与政权危机终结新朝", "type": "collapse", "winners": [], "losers": [ "新" ], "summary": "绿林等反抗力量兴起，长安被攻入，王莽死，新朝终结。这里不指定东汉为赢家：刘秀到25年才建立东汉。", "sources": [ "cq_han" ] }, { "id": "end_easthan", "year": 220, "title": "曹丕受禅，曹魏代汉", "type": "replacement", "winners": [ "曹魏" ], "losers": [ "东汉" ], "summary": "曹丕取代汉献帝建立魏。此前中央权力已长期转移，这次是帝位与国号的更换，不应画成魏军从外部攻入汉都。", "sources": [ "cq_han" ] }, { "id": "end_shu", "year": 263, "title": "曹魏灭蜀汉", "type": "conquest", "winners": [ "曹魏" ], "losers": [ "蜀汉" ], "summary": "魏军邓艾、钟会等分路入蜀，邓艾破绵竹后抵近成都，刘禅请降。司马氏掌握魏实权，但赢家仍应标曹魏。", "sources": [ "cq_sanguo33", "cq_dynasty" ] }, { "id": "end_wei", "year": 265, "title": "司马炎代魏，建立西晋", "type": "replacement", "winners": [ "西晋" ], "losers": [ "曹魏" ], "summary": "司马炎受曹奂禅让，改国号晋。传统纪年为265年十二月，折公历在266年；此处按通行王朝年表记265，不能画成军事灭魏。", "sources": [ "cq_jin3", "cq_dynasty" ] }, { "id": "end_wu", "year": 280, "title": "西晋灭孙吴", "type": "conquest", "winners": [ "西晋" ], "losers": [ "孙吴" ], "summary": "晋军多路伐吴，水陆并进，孙皓在建业出降。灭吴与265年代魏相隔十五年，不能合成一次三国同时归晋。", "sources": [ "cq_jin3", "cq_dynasty" ] }, { "id": "end_formerzhao", "year": 329, "title": "后赵终结前赵", "type": "conquest", "winners": [ "后赵" ], "losers": [ "前赵" ], "summary": "刘曜在328年兵败被俘后，刘熙、刘胤等退往上邽。329年后赵继续进攻并消灭其朝廷，故不能把刘曜被俘与前赵最终覆亡都压成328年。", "sources": [ "extra_tongjian_094" ] }, { "id": "end_chenghan", "year": 347, "title": "东晋桓温灭成汉", "type": "conquest", "winners": [ "东晋" ], "losers": [ "成汉" ], "summary": "桓温率晋军入蜀，攻成都，李势出降，成汉朝廷终结。军政胜利归属东晋；不因桓温后来专权，便将此时赢家另写成独立的桓氏政权。", "sources": [ "extra_tongjian_097", "extra_chenghan" ] }, { "id": "end_formeryan", "year": 370, "title": "前秦灭前燕", "type": "conquest", "winners": [ "前秦" ], "losers": [ "前燕" ], "summary": "王猛等率前秦军击败慕容评，继而围邺。慕容暐出逃被俘，前燕覆亡；慕容氏此后的复国势力，应在后燕等各自时间线中另行呈现。", "sources": [ "extra_tongjian_102" ] }, { "id": "end_formerliang", "year": 376, "title": "前秦灭前凉", "type": "conquest", "winners": [ "前秦" ], "losers": [ "前凉" ], "summary": "前秦军进攻河西，张天锡在军事失败后出降，前凉统治终结。这一次受降属于战争结果，不与吴越主动纳土所代表的直接交接方式混为一类。", "sources": [ "extra_tongjian_104" ] }, { "id": "end_dai", "year": 376, "title": "前秦进攻并瓦解代国", "type": "conquest", "winners": [ "前秦" ], "losers": [ "代" ], "summary": "前秦军北进，代国同时发生内乱，拓跋什翼犍死，前秦分置其部众。代国在此终结，386年拓跋珪重建的政权另开北魏时间线。", "sources": [ "extra_tongjian_104" ] }, { "id": "end_southyan", "year": 410, "title": "东晋刘裕灭南燕", "type": "conquest", "winners": [ "东晋" ], "losers": [ "南燕" ], "summary": "刘裕率晋军围攻广固，城破后俘慕容超，南燕朝廷终结。此时刘裕仍以东晋将领身份作战，不能把尚未建立的刘宋当作灭燕赢家。", "sources": [ "extra_tongjian_115" ] }, { "id": "end_laterqin", "year": 417, "title": "东晋刘裕灭后秦", "type": "conquest", "winners": [ "东晋" ], "losers": [ "后秦" ], "summary": "晋军北伐进入长安，姚泓出降，后秦覆亡。刘裕随后南返，晋军不久失去关中；灭国与后来能否持续控制该地，是两件不同的事。", "sources": [ "extra_tongjian_118" ] }, { "id": "end_xia", "year": 431, "title": "吐谷浑俘赫连定，胡夏终结", "type": "conquest", "winners": [ "吐谷浑" ], "losers": [ "夏" ], "summary": "赫连定西进时被吐谷浑军俘获，夏国终结；432年再被送交北魏处死。北魏此前夺取统万城，并不等于431年最后擒王的直接赢家。", "sources": [ "extra_tongjian_122" ] }, { "id": "end_northyan", "year": 436, "title": "北魏进逼龙城，北燕终结", "type": "conquest", "winners": [ "北魏" ], "losers": [ "北燕" ], "summary": "北魏持续进逼龙城，冯弘在高句丽援军护送下弃城东走，北燕在辽西的统治结束。冯弘到438年才被杀，不能把出逃与死亡写成同年同地。", "sources": [ "extra_tongjian_123" ] }, { "id": "end_northliang_hexi", "year": 439, "title": "北魏取姑臧，北凉河西统治结束", "type": "conquest", "winners": [ "北魏" ], "losers": [ "北凉" ], "summary": "魏军围姑臧，沮渠牧犍出降，北凉河西朝廷终结。沮渠无讳、安周等后来转往高昌延续势力，至460年才为柔然所灭，不宜全数提前抹去。", "sources": [ "extra_tongjian_123", "extra_gaochang" ] }, { "id": "end_northqi", "year": 577, "title": "北周灭北齐", "type": "conquest", "winners": [ "北周" ], "losers": [ "北齐" ], "summary": "周武帝宇文邕率军灭齐，高纬、高恒等被俘，北齐主要朝廷终结。高绍义等在突厥支持下仍有流亡活动，须与北齐本土统治区分。", "sources": [ "extra_tongjian_173", "extra_zhouqi" ] }, { "id": "end_northzhou", "year": 581, "title": "杨坚代北周，建立隋", "type": "replacement", "winners": [ "隋" ], "losers": [ "北周" ], "summary": "杨坚在北周朝廷内掌权后取得帝位，改国号隋。北方大部政权继承发生于此；不是隋从境外发动灭周战争。", "sources": [ "cq_suitang" ] }, { "id": "end_chen", "year": 589, "title": "隋军灭陈", "type": "conquest", "winners": [ "隋" ], "losers": [ "陈" ], "summary": "隋军攻入建康，陈叔宝被俘，陈朝中央政权终结。此役完成南北主要政权统一，地方社会的整合仍需继续进行。", "sources": [ "cq_suitang" ] }, { "id": "end_sui", "year": 618, "title": "江都政变与天下割据终结隋廷", "type": "collapse", "winners": [], "losers": [ "隋" ], "summary": "炀帝在江都政变中被杀，各地已形成多支势力，李渊同年建唐。隋的崩解并非唐军一次攻城所致，部分隋号延续至619年。", "sources": [ "cq_suitang" ] }, { "id": "end_tang", "year": 907, "title": "朱温代唐，建立后梁", "type": "replacement", "winners": [ "后梁" ], "losers": [ "唐" ], "summary": "朱温控制唐廷后迫使哀帝逊位，建立后梁。唐末战争是背景，907年的直接转换是国号与帝位被取代，应与军事进军区别。", "sources": [ "cq_suitang" ] }, { "id": "end_laterzhou", "year": 960, "title": "陈桥兵变后北宋代后周", "type": "replacement", "winners": [ "北宋" ], "losers": [ "后周" ], "summary": "赵匡胤在陈桥兵变后回开封，取得后周帝位并建宋。政权取代伴有军事胁迫，但不是宋从另一个领土国家出兵灭周。", "sources": [ "cq_song1" ] }, { "id": "end_latershu", "year": 965, "title": "北宋灭后蜀", "type": "conquest", "winners": [ "北宋" ], "losers": [ "后蜀" ], "summary": "宋军由王全斌等率领入蜀，攻破剑门，孟昶投降。终结后蜀后仍有地方动乱，不能把朝廷投降等同全境立即平稳。", "sources": [ "cq_song2" ] }, { "id": "end_southhan", "year": 971, "title": "北宋灭南汉", "type": "conquest", "winners": [ "北宋" ], "losers": [ "南汉" ], "summary": "宋军南下攻入广州，刘鋹被俘，南汉终结。地图应把这次南方军事兼并与北宋960年取代后周分开呈现。", "sources": [ "cq_song2" ] }, { "id": "end_southtang", "year": 975, "title": "北宋灭南唐", "type": "conquest", "winners": [ "北宋" ], "losers": [ "南唐" ], "summary": "宋军包围并攻入金陵，李煜出降，南唐政权终结。不能因其较早向宋称臣，便把早期称臣当作已经亡国。", "sources": [ "cq_song3" ] }, { "id": "end_wuyue", "year": 978, "title": "吴越纳土归宋", "type": "surrender", "winners": [ "北宋" ], "losers": [ "吴越" ], "summary": "钱俶向宋廷献所辖州县，吴越作为割据政权结束。它发生在军事压力和政治选择之中，但直接方式是纳土，不能虚构攻杭州战役。", "sources": [ "cq_wuyue" ] }, { "id": "end_northhan", "year": 979, "title": "北宋灭北汉", "type": "conquest", "winners": [ "北宋" ], "losers": [ "北汉" ], "summary": "宋太宗率军围攻太原，刘继元出降，北汉终结。此后宋辽仍并立，结束十国主要割据局面不等于消灭周边所有政权。", "sources": [ "cq_song4" ] }, { "id": "end_liao", "year": 1125, "title": "金俘天祚帝，辽朝中央政权终结", "type": "conquest", "winners": [ "金" ], "losers": [ "辽" ], "summary": "金军俘辽天祚帝，辽朝在本土的中央统治终结。耶律大石等另建西辽，不能把1125年画成所有契丹政治力量同时消失。", "sources": [ "cq_jin_taizong" ] }, { "id": "end_northsong", "year": 1127, "title": "靖康之变，北宋朝廷终结", "type": "conquest", "winners": [ "金" ], "losers": [ "北宋" ], "summary": "金军攻破汴京并俘徽、钦二帝，北宋朝廷终结。赵构同年重建宋廷，史称南宋；宋朝并没有在1127年全部结束。", "sources": [ "cq_jin_taizong" ] }, { "id": "end_xixia", "year": 1227, "title": "蒙古灭西夏", "type": "conquest", "winners": [ "蒙古" ], "losers": [ "西夏" ], "summary": "蒙古长期进攻后围困夏都，夏主投降，西夏政权结束。军事征服终结的是国家统治，党项人与西夏文字、文化仍有后续历史。", "sources": [ "cq_xixia" ] }, { "id": "end_jin", "year": 1234, "title": "蒙古与南宋联合灭金", "type": "coalition", "winners": [ "蒙古", "南宋" ], "losers": [ "金" ], "summary": "南宋出兵并助粮，与蒙古夹攻蔡州，金朝最后朝廷覆灭。双方短暂合作不等于领土均分，随后很快因河南等问题冲突。", "sources": [ "cq_coalition" ] }, { "id": "end_southsong", "year": 1279, "title": "元军崖山获胜，南宋行朝终结", "type": "conquest", "winners": [ "元" ], "losers": [ "南宋" ], "summary": "崖山海战宋军战败，陆秀夫负幼帝赵昺投海，南宋最后行朝终结。临安早在1276年归降，末代行朝仍又延续数年。", "sources": [ "cq_song47" ] }, { "id": "end_yuan_dadu", "year": 1368, "title": "明军取大都，元廷北走", "type": "conquest", "winners": [ "明" ], "losers": [ "元" ], "summary": "徐达率明军进入大都，元廷退往北方，元朝在中原的统治终结。蒙古高原上的北元继续存在，不应把全部元廷势力直接删除。", "sources": [ "cq_beiping" ] }, { "id": "end_ming_beijing", "year": 1644, "title": "大顺攻入北京，崇祯朝廷终结", "type": "conquest", "winners": [ "大顺" ], "losers": [ "明" ], "summary": "李自成军攻入北京，崇祯帝自缢，北京明廷终结。清军随后入关，南方又建立南明；不能把此事简写为清军在北京灭明。", "sources": [ "cq_ming1644" ] }, { "id": "end_hongguang", "year": 1645, "title": "清军攻取南京，弘光政权覆灭", "type": "conquest", "winners": [ "清" ], "losers": [ "南明弘光" ], "summary": "清军南下攻取南京，弘光帝被俘，弘光政权终结。南明此后仍有隆武、永历等朝廷，不能把弘光覆灭等同全部南明结束。", "sources": [ "cq_hongguang" ] }, { "id": "end_yongli", "year": 1662, "title": "永历帝被杀，永历朝廷终结", "type": "conquest", "winners": [ "清" ], "losers": [ "南明永历" ], "summary": "永历帝在缅甸被交清军，后被吴三桂杀于昆明。此处用1662年标朝廷终结；明郑和部分抗清武装此后仍继续活动。", "sources": [ "cq_yongli" ] }, { "id": "end_zheng", "year": 1683, "title": "澎湖战败后明郑降清", "type": "surrender", "winners": [ "清" ], "losers": [ "明郑" ], "summary": "施琅率清军击败澎湖守军，郑克塽随后奉表归降。终结方式是战后投降，不应画成清军攻破台湾本岛都城的虚构战役。", "sources": [ "cq_zheng" ] } ], "version": 1, "scope": "Selected political endings and successions, with separately dated reference maps. Geographic overlap does not establish exact transfer boundaries.", "terminalNotes": [ { "id": "end_qing", "year": 1912, "title": "清帝退位，帝制政权交接", "type": "replacement", "winners": [ "中华民国" ], "losers": [ "清" ], "summary": "辛亥革命与南北议和后，清帝于1912年2月12日退位。这是共和国取代君主政权的制度交接，不可画成民国军队攻陷紫禁城。", "sources": [ "cq_abdication" ] } ], "aliases": { "秦": [ "秦" ], "齐": [ "齐" ], "刘邦集团": [ "汉（刘邦）", "汉（郡国并行）" ], "汉": [ "汉（刘邦）", "汉（郡国并行）", "汉" ], "西楚": [ "西楚（项羽）" ], "西汉": [ "汉（郡国并行）", "汉" ], "新": [ "新（王莽）" ], "东汉": [ "东汉" ], "曹魏": [ "魏" ], "蜀汉": [ "蜀汉" ], "西晋": [ "晋" ], "孙吴": [ "吴" ], "北周": [ "北周" ], "隋": [ "隋" ], "陈": [ "陈" ], "唐": [ "唐", "唐 · 岐（关中）" ], "后梁": [ "后梁" ], "后周": [ "后周" ], "北宋": [ "宋" ], "后蜀": [ "后蜀" ], "南汉": [ "南汉" ], "南唐": [ "南唐" ], "吴越": [ "吴越" ], "北汉": [ "北汉" ], "金": [ "金", "金（迁都汴京）" ], "辽": [ "辽", "契丹" ], "西夏": [ "西夏" ], "蒙古": [ "大蒙古国" ], "南宋": [ "南宋", "南宋（闽广行朝）" ], "元": [ "元" ], "明": [ "明" ], "大顺": [ "大顺（李自成）" ], "清": [ "清" ], "南明弘光": [ "南明弘光" ], "南明永历": [ "南明永历" ], "明郑": [ "南明（明郑）" ], "后赵": [ "后赵" ], "前赵": [ "前赵", "汉赵" ], "东晋": [ "东晋" ], "成汉": [ "成汉" ], "前秦": [ "前秦", "前秦（苻坚一统北方）" ], "前燕": [ "前燕" ], "前凉": [ "前凉" ], "代": [ "代" ], "南燕": [ "南燕" ], "后秦": [ "后秦" ], "吐谷浑": [ "吐谷浑" ], "夏": [ "胡夏" ], "胡夏": [ "胡夏" ], "北魏": [ "北魏" ], "北燕": [ "北燕" ], "北凉": [ "北凉" ], "北齐": [ "北齐" ] } }